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WHO study reveals why men die earlier than women

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BY: Sandra Ani

A World Health Organisation (WHO) report says men are more likely to die earlier than women due to uneven access to health services.

According to “2019 World Health Statistics” published on the WHO website on Thursday, the trend is similar in low and high-income countries as men often seek health care services less than women.

The health statistics, which according to the report, was disaggregated by sex for the first time, stated that women outlived men everywhere in the world particularly in wealthy countries.

The report said that where men and women faced the same disease, men often seek health care less than women.

It said that only by intensifying efforts to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) can countries close this health gap and improve the health and wellbeing of everyone.

“Women outlive men everywhere in the world particularly in wealthy countries and the World Health Statistics 2019 disaggregated by sex for the first time explains why.

“Attitudes to healthcare differ. Where men and women face the same disease, men often seek health care less than women.

“In countries with generalised HIV epidemics, for example, men are less likely than women to take an HIV test, less likely to access antiretroviral therapy and more likely to die of AIDS-related illnesses than women.

“Similarly, male Tuberculosis (TB) patients appear to be less likely to seek care than female TB patients.

“Where women can access health services, maternal deaths decrease thereby lengthening women’s life expectancy.

“In many circumstances, men access health care less than women. The report also highlights the difference in causes of death between men and women.

“Some are biological, some influenced by environmental and societal factors while some are impacted by availability of and uptake of health services,” the report said.

It said that of the 40 leading causes of death globally, 33 causes contribute more to reduced life expectancy in men than in women.

 The report stated that in 2016, the probability of a 30-year-old dying from a non-communicable disease before 70 years of age was 44 per cent higher in men than women.

 According to the report, global suicide mortality rates are 75 per cent higher in men than in women in 2016.

 The report revealed that death rates from road injury were more than twice as high in men than in women from age 15 adding that mortality rates due to homicide were also four times higher in men than in women.

 The report quoted Dr Tedros Ghebreyesus, the WHO Director-General, as saying that breaking down data by age, sex and income group was vital to understanding who was being left behind and why.

 Ghebreyesus said that behind every number in the World Health Statistics was a person, a family, a community or a nation.

 He said that the task of the organisation was, therefore, to use the data to make evidence-based policy decisions that would move everyone closer to a healthier, safer and fairer world.

 “The gap between men’s and women’s life expectancy is narrowest where women lack access to health services.

 “In low-income countries, where services are scarcer, one in 41 women die from a maternal cause, compared with one in 3,300 in high-income countries.

 “In more than 90 per cent of low-income countries, there are fewer than four nursing and midwifery personnel per 1000 people.

 “The report was published to coincide with World Health Day commemorated on April 7 yearly.

 “This year, the celebration focuses on primary health care as the foundation of UHC; the new WHO statistics highlight the need to improve access to primary health care worldwide and to increase uptake.

 “One of WHO’s triple billion goals is for one billion more people to have UHC by 2023.

 “This means improving access to services especially at community level and making sure those services are accessible, affordable, and effective for everyone regardless of their gender,” the director general said.

 Also, Dr Samira Asma, the WHO Assistant Director-General for Data, Analytics and Delivery, said that these statistics underscored the need to prioritise primary health care urgently to effectively manage noncommunicable diseases and to curb risk factors.

 Asma explained that for instance, achieving something as simple as controlling blood pressure was just not happening on the scale needed and tobacco use remained a leading cause of premature death.

 She said, however, that irrespective of the challenges, life expectancy has improved since 2000.

 The director general said that between 2000 and 2016, global life expectancy at birth increased by 5.5 years which was from 66.5 to 72.0 years.

 “Healthy life expectancy at birth which is the number of years one can expect to live in full health has increased from 58.5 years in 2000 to 63.3 years in 2016.

 “Life expectancy remains strongly affected by income; in low-income countries, life expectancy is 18.1 years lower than in high-income countries. One child in every 14 born in a low-income country will die before their fifth birthday,” Asma said.

 She said that the organisation has for the first time published a Global Health Statistics disaggregated by sex.

 Asma said that this new analysis has provided insights into the health and needs of people around the world. (NAN)

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Optometry in a Changing World: Adapting to Emerging Trends

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Dr. Elizabeth Ndubisi Eromosele, O.D.
Writer: Dr. Elizabeth Ndubisi Eromosele, O.D.

In July, I had the privilege of attending the 48th National Conference and Vision Expo of the Nigerian Optometric Association (NOA) in Umuahia, Abia State.

It was a landmark gathering that brought together professionals, policymakers, researchers, and business leaders in the vision space at the national and global levels.

With the theme “Optometry in a Changing World – Adapting to Emerging Trends,” the conference was timely and necessary.

We are living in an era of unprecedented change in healthcare delivery, technology, patient behaviour, and business models. Optometry is no exception to these trends. Our profession is at a crossroads: traditional practice models are being challenged by automation, digital health technology, and rising patient expectations. This conference challenged us to rethink, realign, and reposition ourselves for the future.

The decision to host the conference in Abia State proved to be both symbolic and significant. For many attendees, it was the first opportunity to witness firsthand the bold infrastructural developments and renewal projects taking place under the administration of Governor Alex Otti.

From rehabilitated roads to clean urban corridors, the visible transformation in the state echoed the spirit of the conference theme, one of change, adaptation, and progress. For me, too, it was homecoming of sorts, a return to my ancestral home.

The capital city, Umuahia, was not just a host, but an education in the essence of what is possible when vision meets execution, an ideal allegory for the way optometry in Nigeria must proceed. The overarching theme was not just a slogan; it was a call to action.

From the plenary sessions to technical workshops, several key ideas emerged about how optometrists can adapt.

The first is the need to embrace technology and innovation. Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI), tele-optometry, and electronic health records is no longer optional. These tools help improve diagnostics, enhance patient experience, and optimise practice management. Optometrists must be open to adopting digital platforms for consultations, patient tracking, and education.

Secondly, continuous learning and re-skilling are indispensable for the modern-day optometrist. Emerging diseases, changing refractive error patterns, and evolving treatment protocols demand ongoing education. Whether it’s attending conferences, taking online courses, or subscribing to global journals, the 21st-century optometrist must become a lifelong learner.

Besides, eye health care must become patient-centred. Today’s patients are informed, empowered, and expect more. The optometrist must provide personalised care, effective communication, and holistic service delivery. For the most part, this involves blending clinical excellence with professionalism and empathy.

Additionally, public health integration is on the agenda. Nigeria’s eye health burden is growing, particularly among marginalised populations. Optometrists must assume more prominent roles in public health and advocacy for eye care in primary healthcare.

Moreover, practice diversification is essential. Beyond clinical work, optometrists are encouraged to explore specialities such as low vision therapy, sports vision, neuro-optometry, and occupational vision care. Diversifying services not only enhances revenue but also amplifies the impact of the profession.

Furthermore, practitioners must seek business and leadership development. Running a successful optometric practice now demands strong entrepreneurial skills, financial literacy, branding, and marketing. These competencies were highlighted during breakout sessions and business masterclasses at the conference.

The conference delivered on its promise of professional upliftment. We attended scientific paper presentations, listened to keynote addresses by thought leaders, and participated in panel discussions that explored a range of topics, from policy reforms to clinical innovation.

One of the most engaging sessions focused on the future of optometry education in Nigeria. It called for upgrading training curricula, enhancing exposure to emerging technologies, and improving internship opportunities. This is crucial if the next generation of optometrists is to meet global standards.

On the sidelines of the conference, the Vision Expo was a beehive of activity. It provided a rare opportunity for practitioners to interact directly with equipment manufacturers, pharmaceutical companies, and service providers. For many, it was an ideal time to purchase new diagnostic tools, update clinical software, and explore new product lines that can enhance their practice.

Aside from the formal sessions, the conference was a heartwarming reunion for colleagues, classmates, and mentors. These social interactions, often overlooked, play a vital role in the growth of the profession. They offer comfort, inspiration, and even opportunities for mentorship and collaboration.

One thing is clear: the future of optometry in Nigeria will not be shaped by those who resist change, but by those who embrace it – with open minds, skilled hands, and passionate hearts.

In many ways, this year’s conference in Abia State felt like a turning point. From the inspiring infrastructure developments we witnessed across the state to the powerful ideas exchanged in lecture halls and exhibition booths, it was a reaffirmation that change is possible – and indeed, necessary.

Kudos to the leadership of the Nigerian Optometric Association for organising a world-class event. The bar has been raised, and so has our vision for what is possible.

As professionals committed to a better vision, let us now see more clearly and act more boldly.

Dr. Elizabeth Ndubisi Eromosele, O.D. Optometrist | Vision Advocate | Lifelong Learner

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First Lady Oluremi Tinubu Flags off Free to Shine Campaign Against HIV/AIDS, other STDs in Enugu

Gov. Mbah, wife, pledge collaboration, reports SANDRA ANI

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Senator Oluremi Tinubu

Nigeria’s First Lady, Senator Oluremi Tinubu, has flagged off the Free to Shine Triple Elimination Campaign, an initiative of the Organisation of African First Ladies for Development, OAFLAD, and global partners to eradicate HIV/AID, Syphilis and Hepatitis by 2030.

Flagging-off the campaign at the International Conference Centre, Enugu, on Tuesday, the founder of the Renewed Hope Foundation, Senator Tinubu said the initiative was an imperative, since Nigeria bore the highest burdens of HIV infection in sub Saharan African due to her large population.

“We launched the campaign in January 2025 and have flagged it off in five political zones of North Central, North East, North West, South South and South West. Today, we have flagged off the campaign in southeast to complete the Free to Shine campaign.

“Our aim is to reduce HIV infection among women, prevent mother and child transmission and ensure that every child born with it gets the necessary treatment,” Tinubu said.

First lady Senator Oluremi Tinubu, Governor Peter Mbah and wife
First lady Senator Oluremi Tinubu in a group photograph with Governor Peter Mbah, the wife and other dignitaries at the event.

She thanked Governor Peter Mbah of Enugu State and his Wife, Mrs. Nkechinyere Mbah and the people Enugu State for the warm reception accorded to her and her entourage. During her two-day working visit.

Throwing his weight behind the campaign, Governor Mbah, said his administration had taken health seriously because a healthy population is the foundation on which progress is built.

“Here in Enugu State, we have aligned our healthcare priorities with the vision of the ‘Free to Shine Campaign.’

“By September, we would have completed and fully equipped 260 Type 2 Primary Healthcare Centres in all wards — each with accommodation for health workers to ensure round-the-clock care.

“We have also strengthened our secondary and tertiary healthcare systems and broadened access to health insurance and emergency services, especially for the most vulnerable.

“These efforts are already yielding results — with a significant reduction in maternal, under-five and infant mortality.

“But we know the work is not done. No health system can thrive in isolation or assume it no longer needs support. This is why we embrace the goals of the ‘Free to Shine Campaign’ — goals that seek to eliminate stigma, expand access to HIV treatment, and, most importantly, end mother-to-child transmission of HIV,” he stated.

The First Lady of Enugu State, Mrs Mbah, commended Senator Tinubu and OAFLAD for providing leadership against the scourges of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases.

“I commend the First Lady, Her Excellency Senator Oluremi Tinubu, for demonstrating leadership and commitment to the health and well-being of Nigerians.

“As 2023 data from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) shows, Nigeria has one hundred and forty thousand (140,000) children aged 0 – 14 living with HIV, with twenty-two thousand (22,000) deaths each year. This is an enormous public health burden with vast social and economic implications. So, the ‘Free to Shine Campaign’ is indeed a creation of necessity,” Mrs. Mbah said.

She expressed total support for the initiative, noting that “collaboration is the driving force of change and development.”

“When we collaborate, problems that seem intractable are solved. So, I am confident that the goals of this campaign will be achieved in Enugu State, in Nigeria – and across Africa. What is required is whole-hearted dedication,” she concluded.

The event featured a general overview of the Free to Shine Campaign, by the Executive Secretary for OAFLAD, Dr. Nardos Berhanu, testimonials and experience sharing by persons living with HIV/AIDS, drama presentation by Members of the National Youth Service Corps, and goodwill messages by development partners, among others.

Meanwhile, the Nigerian First Lady was conferred with the chieftaincy title of Ugosinamba (Precious Jewel/Eagle from another kingdom) by the Enugu State Council of Traditional Rulers, citing her love for Enugu and service to the nation and humanity.

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Enhancement of Military Health Services: Matawalle Meets U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defence for Health

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Dr. Bello Muhammed Matawalle
Minister of State for Defence, H.E. Dr. Muhammad Bello Matawalle

In a significant move to bolster Defence Health Services and strengthen the partnership between the United States and Nigeria, the Minister of State for Defence, H.E. Dr. Muhammad Bello Matawalle, met with a U.S. delegation led by Dr. David Smith, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defence for Health.

A statement endorsed by Henshaw Ogubike, director of Information and PR at the Ministry, shows that the the meeting focused on enhancing the existing collaboration in defence health between the two nations, which has previously facilitated the establishment of high-tech laboratories in Nigeria.

The Honourable Minister commended the U.S. for their efforts and urged for the expansion of these medical facilities beyond Abuja and Lagos to reach more derserved regions.

Dr. Matawalle emphasized the strategic integration of health services to improve the welfare of the Armed Forces of Nigeria, stating, “A healthy military is the backbone of a strong nation.” He reiterated the government’s commitment to ensuring that military personnel have access to top-tier healthcare services and facilities. To this end, he called for an increase in the defence budget allocated to health, viewing it as a vital investment in the nation’s future and stability.

Furthermore, the Minister highlighted that these initiatives align with Nigeria’s broader commitment to enhancing military readiness while addressing public health challenges that affect both service members and the civilian population. He noted that President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration is dedicated to improving healthcare for military personnel and civilians, recognizing healthcare as a cornerstone of national security.

In his remarks, the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Defence, Dr. Ibrahim Abubakar Kana mni, stated that this initiative would positively impact military health and serve as a model for strengthening Nigeria’s overall healthcare system. “This collaboration marks a turning point for Nigeria’s defence health system,” he asserted.

Dr. Smith praised the Minister for his proactive approach to health readiness, underscoring the critical connection between health systems and military effectiveness. “Health is as crucial as any weapon system in ensuring military success, and we are committed to supporting Nigeria’s efforts to enhance its defence health system,” he remarked.

The U.S. delegation is in Nigeria to further advance initiatives aimed at sustaining progress against HIV, accelerating efforts towards the United Nations’ 95-95-95 goals, and working towards the elimination of HIV as a public health threat by 2030.

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